2 STARTING A FARM PART 8 – 2.28 - FRUIT TREES
ORGANIC FARMING
COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY
SOIL
EXAMINATION
So, once you are familiar
with growing vegetables and perennials, and have made some money, you should
venture into planting fruit trees.
This is a major
investment and requires a good knowledge of the area and the soil.
You should first do a
soil survey to see what your soil really looks like at a depth of 2 meters. In
hilly or mountainous terrain there are layers of gravel, which are important
for the flow of water subsurface, but which have no minerals or other layers of
soil.
If this is the case at
2m, for example, then it is good to dig a well to catch the water, but in a few
years your trees will perish as they will not find nutrients in this area if
their roots grow deeper.
PLANT &
DISTANCE
The layout and the
distance to the trees are also very important in an orchard, as they will grow
in different sizes. Find out how big they will be in 20 or 40 years.
Nut trees and figs, for
example, will only produce the best yield in 10 years.
Cherries and certain
apple varieties also grow large.
IRRIGATION
depending on the SOIL
The irrigation is also
different, because trees have deeper roots and thus absorb water more easily,
for example every few days and so ... some trees such as figs, olives or dates
can last a month or two without water .. But that also depends on that soil.
Mostly they grow best in
stable clay soil. Like apples, for example.
Since they always bring a
good yield after years, they are suitable in areas that do not have to be
constantly looked after and above all as a permanent shade provider for
vegetables and especially for partial shade plants such as cabbage, root
vegetables and lettuce.
LYZERNE FOR
SOIL IMPROVEMENT (alfalfa)
I recommend sowing the
space under the fruit trees with Lucerne, which results in good forage with
little work. The space under the fruit trees is difficult to work after a few
years, but Lucerne can easily be mowed efficiently from the side by hand with
the scythe, and also by machine with the mowing tool protruding to the side and
gives feed 4 times a year if it is watered underground. This type of watering
also helps the trees and keeps the soil constantly moist.
Lucerne has very deep
roots and brings the minerals from a depth of up to 1.5 m and is a good ground
cover and a Leguminosae that brings nitrogen into the soil.
Süßkirchen____ 6-9 m 32
kg per tree
Plums ________3.50m __14-25
kg per tree
Apricots ______4.50m __9
kg ___per tree
Nectarines____ 3.50m __9
kg ___per tree
Peach________ 3.50m __9
kg ___per tree
Apple________ 3.50-6 m
36-45 kg per tree
Oranges______ 7m ____ 30-30
__fruits
Lemons_______4.50m _ 20-30 __fruits
Grapefruit_____9m____ 20-30 __fruits
Mulberries_____9m ___ 75
kg __per tree
Olives_________7-10 m _50
kg __per tree
Quinces_______7-10m __50
kg __per tree
Figs__________3m ____30
kg___ per tree
Pomegranates_5 m ____100-150
_fruits
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KOZI YA KILIMO HAI
KILIMO-UCHUMI
2 KUANZISHA SHAMBA
SEHEMU YA 8 – 2.28 - MITI YA MATUNDA
UCHUNGUZI WA UDONGO
Kwa hivyo, mara tu
unapofahamu kukua mboga mboga na kudumu, na umepata pesa, unapaswa kujitosa
katika kupanda miti ya matunda.
Huu ni uwekezaji mkubwa
na unahitaji ujuzi mzuri wa eneo na udongo.
Unapaswa kwanza kufanya
uchunguzi wa udongo ili kuona jinsi udongo wako unavyoonekana katika kina cha
mita 2. Katika eneo la milima au milima kuna safu za changarawe, ambazo ni
muhimu kwa mtiririko wa maji ya chini ya ardhi, lakini ambayo hayana madini au
safu nyingine za udongo.
Ikiwa hali ni hii kwa
2m, kwa mfano, basi ni vizuri kuchimba kisima ili kupata maji, lakini katika
miaka michache miti yako itaangamia kwa kuwa haitapata virutubisho katika eneo
hili ikiwa mizizi yao inakua zaidi.
MIMEA & UMBALI
Mpangilio na umbali wa
miti pia ni muhimu sana katika bustani, kwani watakua kwa ukubwa tofauti. Jua
jinsi watakuwa wakubwa katika miaka 20 au 40.
Miti ya njugu na tini,
kwa mfano, itatoa tu mavuno bora katika miaka 10.
Cherries na aina fulani
za apple pia hukua kubwa.
UMWAGILIAJI kutegemea UDONGO
Umwagiliaji pia ni tofauti, kwa sababu miti ina
mizizi mirefu zaidi na hivyo kunyonya maji kwa urahisi zaidi, kwa mfano kila
baada ya siku chache na hivyo ... baadhi ya miti kama tini, mizeituni au tende
inaweza kudumu mwezi au mbili bila maji.. Lakini pia. inategemea udongo huo.
Mara nyingi wao hukua vyema kwenye udongo wa
mfinyanzi tulivu. Kama apples, kwa mfano.
Kwa kuwa wao huleta mavuno mengi baada ya miaka
mingi, wanafaa katika maeneo ambayo sio lazima yatunzwe kila mara na zaidi ya
yote kama mtoaji wa kudumu wa mboga mboga na haswa kwa mimea ya kivuli kidogo
kama kabichi, mboga za mizizi na lettuce.
LYZERNE KWA UBORESHAJI WA UDONGO (alfalfa)
Ninapendekeza kupanda nafasi chini ya miti ya
matunda na Lucerne, ambayo husababisha lishe nzuri na kazi ndogo. Nafasi iliyo
chini ya miti ya matunda ni ngumu kufanya kazi baada ya miaka michache, lakini
Lucerne inaweza kukatwa kwa urahisi kutoka kwa upande kwa mkono na scythe, na
pia kwa mashine iliyo na kifaa cha kukata kinachojitokeza kando na kutoa
malisho mara 4 kwa mwaka. ikiwa inamwagilia chini ya ardhi. Aina hii ya kumwagilia
pia husaidia miti na kuweka udongo unyevu daima.
MATUNDA YA MTI MAVUNO
UMBALI KUTOKA
Süßkirchen____ 6-9 m 32
kg kwa mti
Plum ________3.50m
__14-25 kg kwa mti
Parachichi ____4.50m __9
kg _ __kwa mti
Nektarini___ _ 3.50m __9
kg ___kwa mti
Peach_______ 3.50m __9 kg
_ __kwa mti
Apple______ _ 3.50-6 m
36-45 kg kwa mti
Machungwa___7m ____ 30-30
__matunda
Ndimu____ __4.50m _ 20-30 _ _matunda
Grapefruit__ __9m____
20-30 __matunda
Mulberries__ __9m ___ 75
kg _ _kwa mti
Mizeituni___ __7-10 m _50
kg __kwa mti
Quinces____ __7-10m
__kilo 50 kwa mti
Tini__________3m ____30
kg__ kwa mti
Makomamanga_5 m __100-150 _matunda
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