5.76 WINE – IRRIGATION DELIVERS OPTIMUM QUALITY

 

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LESSON 5.76 WINE – IRRIGATION DELIVERS OPTIMUM QUALITY

Irrigation Delivers Optimum Quality

Depending on the characteristic of wine you wish to achieve, different irrigation programs are required.

An irrigation program combined with a fertigation program and other crop management techniques will determine your yield and quality balance.

As the table below shows, even in traditional dryland regions such as the south of France, when the relevant ET (evapotranspiration) calculations are made considering current average rain falls, irrigation is required in order to achieve optimum yields. Although it is beyond the scope of this brochure to prescribe every variable of water and nutrients, here are a few examples of how drip irrigation can provide greater control of your grape production:

 

  Easy and accurate application of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and other micro elements. As these elements are key drivers for your crop, any variation will impact the crop significantly. Drip irrigation makes it easy to develop and implement a fertigation protocol based on the grape you want to achieve. With the ability to create different irrigation zones, subtle differences of fertigation prescription can be applied to each block (and even areas of blocks) based on different varieties, soil and other factors.

  Irrigation Scheduling. Drip irrigation provides options that you do not have if you just rely on rain fall. You can calculate your water application to develop different variations of grape. For example, in a study of three drip irrigation treatments in the Napa Valley, different irrigation schedules achieved different sensory attributes of the grapes. For vines with higher levels of irrigation, the sensory attributes were more vegetal aromas. For vines with strong deficit irrigation treatments, the grapes had more fruity aromas and flavors¹.

  In the Cognac region in France, the white wine needs the correct acidity and nitrogen balance. With drip fertigation, growers found they can double the amount of nitrogen in their grape.

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SOMO LA 5.76 DIVAI – UMWAGILIAJI HUTOA UBORA WA AZIMIO

Umwagiliaji Hutoa Ubora Bora

Kulingana na tabia ya divai unayotaka kufikia, programu tofauti za umwagiliaji zinahitajika.

Programu ya umwagiliaji iliyochanganywa na programu ya urutubishaji na mbinu zingine za usimamizi wa mazao itaamua uwiano wa mavuno na ubora wako.

Kama jedwali lililo hapa chini linavyoonyesha, hata katika maeneo ya asili ya nchi kavu kama vile kusini mwa Ufaransa, wakati hesabu husika za ET (evapotranspiration) zinapofanywa kwa kuzingatia wastani wa sasa wa kunyesha kwa mvua, umwagiliaji unahitajika ili kupata mavuno bora. Ingawa ni nje ya upeo wa brosha hii kuagiza kila tofauti ya maji na virutubisho, hapa kuna mifano michache ya jinsi umwagiliaji kwa njia ya matone unaweza kutoa udhibiti mkubwa wa uzalishaji wako wa zabibu:

Utumiaji rahisi na sahihi wa nitrojeni, potasiamu, fosforasi, kalsiamu na vitu vingine vidogo. Kwa vile vipengele hivi ni vichochezi muhimu vya mazao yako, utofauti wowote utaathiri mazao kwa kiasi kikubwa. Umwagiliaji kwa njia ya matone hurahisisha kuunda na kutekeleza itifaki ya urutubishaji kulingana na zabibu unayotaka kufikia. Kwa uwezo wa kuunda kanda tofauti za umwagiliaji, tofauti za hila za maagizo ya mbolea zinaweza kutumika kwa kila block (na hata maeneo ya vitalu) kulingana na aina tofauti, udongo na mambo mengine.

Ratiba ya Umwagiliaji. Umwagiliaji kwa njia ya matone hutoa chaguzi ambazo huna ikiwa unategemea tu kunyesha kwa mvua. Unaweza kuhesabu maombi yako ya maji ili kukuza tofauti tofauti za zabibu. Kwa mfano, katika utafiti wa matibabu matatu ya umwagiliaji kwa njia ya matone katika Bonde la Napa, ratiba tofauti za umwagiliaji zilipata sifa tofauti za hisia za zabibu. Kwa mizabibu yenye viwango vya juu vya umwagiliaji, sifa za hisia zilikuwa harufu za mboga zaidi. Kwa mizabibu iliyo na upungufu mkubwa wa matibabu ya umwagiliaji, zabibu zilikuwa na harufu nzuri zaidi ya matunda na ladha1.

Katika eneo la Cognac nchini Ufaransa, divai nyeupe inahitaji asidi sahihi na usawa wa nitrojeni. Kwa urutubishaji kwa njia ya matone, wakulima waligundua kuwa wanaweza kuongeza maradufu kiwango cha nitrojeni kwenye zabibu zao.