5.56 BLUEBERRIES – GROWING IN SOIL

 

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LESSON 5.56 BLUEBERRIES – GROWING IN SOIL

One year of stress impacts future years harvest

Being a perennial shrub, every season counts, and blueberry crop growers need to be prepared for future harvests, which means planning irrigation for the worst possible climate conditions. Just one year of water stress will lead to reduced bud formation in the next year and lower yields.

Damp, not wet soil

Blueberries easily suffer from water-logging. Unlike crops that require prolonged irrigation periods, the roots of blueberries should be kept damp, not wet. Therefore, irrigation for 15 minutes intervals, 6 – 8 times per day is common.

Two Techniques for Growing Blueberries Option 1: Growing in Soil

Growing in soil is the most common method for growing blueberries and they can be grown in open field or in tunnels for weather/climate protection.

Due to a combination of raised beds, weed mats/mulching, and a short root zone, blueberries are almost completely dependent on the irrigation system for water and nutrients and in most cases you need to irrigate as if it is a soilless/hydroponic system and not an in soil application.

Important Drip Irrigation Principle: Grow as if you are using a soilless/ hydroponic system

Although the blueberries are in-soil, in most cases you need to treat irrigation as if it is a soilless/hydroponic system (not an in-soil application).

Blueberries require 200 – 300 mm/ha of irrigation per year. Almost all this water must come from the drip irrigat Since this crop requires high investment, we do our best to ensure production and plants’ survival.

“Drip irrigation offers the right conditions for plant development in order to obtain a successful crop. That’s why SUPSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION was included in the project from the very beginning.” (Mexican Bluberry grower)

Most blueberry roots are in the raised bed making them dependent on precise irrigation and Fertigation

As the crop cannot readily access rainfall, it is almost completely reliant on the drip irrigation system for nutrients and water.
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS FOR IN SOIL GOWING
Create the perfect conditions for growing blueberries in-soil.
 
Raised Beds

Blueberries have a swallow root system and are susceptible to water stress. Planting blueberries in raised beds is important for drainage and allows the roots to develop above the wet zone to prevent water logging. Beds should be raised 12-20 cm.

Substrate

As many soils do not have the optimum conditions for growing blueberries, it is often recommended to dig a trench and create a raised bed with application of a substrate that is light in texture, for good air to water ratio, and has a pH of 4,0 – 5.0.

Irrigation Timing

Irrigation periods should be short (less than 15 minutes). With a small root structure and most of the root zone being in the raised bed, extended irrigation risks water logging and will cause water and nutrients to pass out of the beds and into the soil below where it cannot be accessed by the roots.

Minimize Drainage from the Drip Line

To prevent water from the drainage at shutdown, anti-siphon (AS) or a no-drain (NG) drip line should be used. Additionally, mainlines and submains should designed so that their holding content is minimal and that their drainage through the drip lines at shutdown is minimal and that their drainage through the drip lines at shutdown is minimal to prevent water logging.

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SULUHISHO LA KILIMO BORA Imefaulu na washauri

SOMO LA 5.56 BLUEBERRIES – KUKUA KWENYE UDONGO

Mwaka mmoja wa dhiki huathiri mavuno ya miaka ijayo

Kuwa kichaka cha kudumu, kila msimu huhesabu, na wakulima wa mazao ya blueberry wanahitaji kuwa tayari kwa mavuno ya baadaye, ambayo ina maana ya kupanga umwagiliaji kwa hali mbaya zaidi ya hali ya hewa. Mwaka mmoja tu wa shida ya maji itasababisha kupungua kwa malezi ya bud katika mwaka ujao na mavuno ya chini.

Udongo unyevu, sio unyevu

Blueberries huteseka kwa urahisi kutokana na kukata maji. Tofauti na mazao ambayo yanahitaji muda wa umwagiliaji wa muda mrefu, mizizi ya blueberries inapaswa kuwekwa unyevu, sio mvua. Kwa hiyo, umwagiliaji kwa muda wa dakika 15, mara 6 - 8 kwa siku ni kawaida.

Mbinu Mbili za Kukuza Blueberries Chaguo 1: Kukua kwenye Udongo

Ukuaji kwenye udongo ndio njia inayojulikana zaidi ya kupanda matunda ya blueberries na yanaweza kukuzwa kwenye shamba la wazi au kwenye vichuguu kwa ajili ya kulinda hali ya hewa/hali ya hewa.

Kwa sababu ya mchanganyiko wa vitanda vilivyoinuliwa, mikeka/matandazo ya magugu, na eneo fupi la mizizi, blueberries karibu hutegemea kabisa mfumo wa umwagiliaji maji na virutubisho na katika hali nyingi unahitaji kumwagilia kana kwamba ni mfumo usio na udongo/hydroponic. sio matumizi ya udongo.

Kanuni Muhimu ya Umwagiliaji wa Matone: Kua kana kwamba unatumia mfumo usio na udongo/hydroponic.

Ingawa blueberries ziko ndani ya udongo, katika hali nyingi unahitaji kutibu umwagiliaji kana kwamba ni mfumo usio na udongo/hydroponic (sio utumizi wa ndani ya udongo).

Blueberries huhitaji 200 - 300 mm / ha ya umwagiliaji kwa mwaka. Takriban maji haya yote lazima yatoke kwenye umwagiliaji kwa njia ya matone Kwa kuwa zao hili linahitaji uwekezaji mkubwa, tunafanya tuwezavyo ili kuhakikisha uzalishaji na uhai wa mimea.

“Umwagiliaji kwa njia ya matone unatoa mazingira sahihi ya ukuzaji wa mimea ili kupata mazao yenye mafanikio. Ndio maana UWAGILIAJI WA SUPSURFACE DRIP ulijumuishwa kwenye mradi tangu mwanzo.” (Mkulima wa Bluberry wa Mexico)

Mizizi mingi ya blueberry iko kwenye kitanda kilichoinuliwa na kuifanya tegemezi kwa umwagiliaji sahihi na Urutubishaji

Kwa vile mazao hayawezi kupata mvua kwa urahisi, yanategemea kabisa mfumo wa umwagiliaji kwa njia ya matone kwa ajili ya virutubisho na maji.

MAMBO MUHIMU YA KUZINGATIA KATIKA UFUGAJI WA UDONGO

Unda hali nzuri za kupanda blueberries kwenye udongo.

Vitanda vilivyoinuliwa

Blueberries ina mfumo wa mizizi ya kumeza na inakabiliwa na matatizo ya maji. Kupanda blueberries katika vitanda vilivyoinuliwa ni muhimu kwa mifereji ya maji na inaruhusu mizizi kukua juu ya ukanda wa mvua ili kuzuia maji kuingia. Vitanda vinapaswa kuinuliwa cm 12-20.

Substrate

Kwa vile udongo mwingi hauna hali bora ya kukua blueberries, mara nyingi hupendekezwa kuchimba mfereji na kuunda kitanda kilichoinuliwa kwa kutumia substrate ambayo ni nyepesi katika texture, kwa uwiano mzuri wa hewa na maji, na ina pH ya 4. ,0 - 5.0.

Muda wa Umwagiliaji

Muda wa umwagiliaji unapaswa kuwa mfupi (chini ya dakika 15). Kwa muundo mdogo wa mizizi na sehemu kubwa ya ukanda wa mizizi iko kwenye kitanda kilichoinuliwa, umwagiliaji wa muda mrefu huhatarisha ukataji wa maji na utasababisha maji na virutubisho kupita kutoka kwenye vitanda na kuingia kwenye udongo chini ambapo hauwezi kufikiwa na mizizi.

Punguza Mifereji ya Maji kutoka kwa Njia ya Matone

Ili kuzuia maji kutoka kwa mifereji ya maji wakati wa kuzima, anti-siphon (AS) au mstari wa matone ya no-drain (NG) inapaswa kutumika. Zaidi ya hayo, njia kuu na submain zinapaswa kubuniwa ili maudhui yao ya kushikilia yawe machache na kwamba mifereji ya maji kupitia njia za matone wakati wa kuzimwa ni ndogo na kwamba mifereji yao kupitia njia za matone wakati wa kuzima ni mdogo ili kuzuia kuingia kwa maji.